DJango로 빠르게 완성하는 웹 프로그래밍

2021-08-14

 

Model <-> View <-> Controller

django : Model <-> Template <-> View

 

django의 처리과정

 

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/

https://doitdjango.com/

 

https://picsum.photos/

https://picsum.photos/200/300

 

https://www.djangoproject.com/

 

https://wikidocs.net/book/4223

 

python.org/downloads
code.visualstudio.com/Download
jetbrains.com/ko-kr/pycharm/download

 

github.com/saintdragon2/do_it_django_a_to_z

 

https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.6/getting-started/download/

 

https://unsplash.com/

 

https://startbootstrap.com/

 

https://getbootstrap.com/

 

 

 

 django-admin startproject do_it_django_prj .

 

 python .\manage.py runserver

 

http://127.0.0.1:8000/

 

make migrate

python manage.py migrate

 

 

 

python manage.py createsuperuser

 

 

 python .\manage.py runserver

 

 

http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

python .\manage.py startapp firstapp

 

 

 

 

#views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.

def index(request):
return HttpResponse('<h1>Hello First App</h1>')

 

 

 

 

#urls.py

import firstapp.views
from firstapp import views

urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('firstapp/', views.index)
]

 

 

127.0.0.1:8000/firstapp/

 

 python .\manage.py startapp blog
 python .\manage.py startapp single_pages

 

 

 

settings.py

 

settings.py : 장고 프로젝트의 설정 정보 저장

 

urls.py : 사용자가 어떤 URL로 접근했을 때 어떤
웹 사이트를 동작시킬 지 정리해놓은 파일

 

 

INSTALLED_APPS

 

 

python .\manage.py makemigrations

 

Migration이란? – 데이터베이스에 적용시켜야 하는 변화에 대한 기록

 

 

python manage.py migrate

 

 

from .models import Post

 

admin.site.register(Post)

 

 

python .\manage.py runserver

 

 

 

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Seoul'

USE_TZ = False

 

from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Post(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=30)
content = models.TextField()
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

def __str__(self):
return f'[{self.pk}]{self.title}'

 

 

python .\manage.py makemigrations

python .\manage.py migrate

python .\manage.py runserver

 

 

 

2021-08-15

 

함수기반 --> 

 

표지판 역할의 urls.py
사용자가 접근했을 때 어떤 페이지로 들어가야하는지를 알려주는 역할

 

do_it_django_prj\urls.py

 

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
import firstapp.views
from firstapp import views

 

urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('firstapp/', views.index)
]

 

->

 

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('firstapp/', include('firstapp.urls'))
]

 

firstapp\urls.py

 

from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.index),
]

 

 

python .\manage.py runserver

 

 

 

127.0.0.1:8000/firstapp/

 

 

 

urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('firstapp/', include('firstapp.urls')),
path('blog/', include('blog.urls')),
]

 

blog\urls.py

 

from django.urls import path, include
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
path('', views.index),
]

 

 

blog\view.py

 

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
def index(request):
return render(request, 'index.html')

 

 

 

 

 

DJango 템플릿 언어

 

http://pythonstudy.xyz/python/article/307-Django-%ED%85%9C%ED%94%8C%EB%A6%BF-Template

 

Django 템플릿에서 사용하는 특별한 태크 및 문법을 Django 템플릿 언어 (Django Template Language)라 부른다. 템플릿 언어는 크게 템플릿 변수, 템플릿 태크, 템플릿 필터, 코멘트 등으로 나눌 수 있다.

 

 

django shell

 

python .\manage.py shell

 

 

>>> from blog.models import Post

>>> Post.objects.all()

 

 

>>> Post.objects.get(id=1)

>>> Post.objects.get(pk=1)

>>> Post.objects.last()

>>> p=Post.objects.get(id=1)

>>> p.created_at

 

 

blog\views.py

 

from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Post

# Create your views here.
def index(request):
posts = Post.objects.all()
return render(request, 'blog/index.html', { 'posts' : posts })

 

 

templates\blog\index.html

 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ko">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>blog</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Blog</h1>
{% for p in posts %}
<h3>{{ p }}</h3>
{% endfor %}
</body>
</html>

 

 

>>> exit()

 python .\manage.py runserver

 

 

http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/

 

<h1>Blog</h1>

{% for p in posts %}
<hr/>
<h2>{{ p.title }}</h2>
<h4>{{p.created_at }}</h4>
<h4>{{ p.content }}</h4>
{% endfor %}

 

 

 

 

 

def index(request):
posts = Post.objects.all().order_by('-pk')
return render(request, 'blog/index.html', { 'posts' : posts })

 

 

 

urlpatterns = [
path('<int:pk>/', views.single_post_page),
path('', views.index),
]

 

 

 

def single_post_page(request, pk):
post = Post.objects.get(pk=pk)
return render(request, 'blog/single_post_page.html', { 'post': post, } )

 

 

blog/single_post_page.html

 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ko">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>{{ post.title }} - Blog</title>
</head>
<body>
<nav>
<a href="/blog/">Blog</a>
</nav>
<h1>{{ post.title }}</h1>
<h4>{{ post.created_at }}</h4>
<p>{{ post.content }}</p>
<hr/>
<h3>필요시 댓글 구현</h3>
</body>

 

 

http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/1/

 

 

<h2><a href="{{ p.get_absolute_url }}">{{ p.title }}</a></h2>

 

 

http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/

 

 

 

class Post(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=30)
content = models.TextField()
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

def get_absolute_url(self):
return f'/blog/{self.pk}'

def __str__(self):
return f'[{self.pk}]{self.title}'

path('', include('single_pages.urls')),

 

 

from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('about_me', views.about_me),
path('', views.landing),
]

 

 

def landing(request):
return render(request, 'single_pages/landing.html')

def about_me(request):
return render(request, 'single_pages/about_me.html')

 

 

http://127.0.0.1:8000/about_me

 

 

 

http://127.0.0.1:8000/

 

클래스기반 -->

 

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/

 

class-based views

 

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/class-based-views/

 

 

 

blog/views.py

 

from django.views.generic import ListView

class PostList(ListView): # index() 삭제
model = Post

 

 

blog/urls.py

 

urlpatterns = [
path('<int:pk>/', views.single_post_page),
#path('', views.index),
path('', views.PostList.as_view()),
]

 

index.html -> post_list.html

 

 

blog\urls.py

 

from django.urls import path, include
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
path('<int:pk>/', views.PostDetail.as_view()),
path('', views.PostList.as_view()),

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

blog\views.py

 

from .models import Post
from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView

class PostList(ListView): # index() 삭제
model = Post
ordering = '-pk'

def single_post_page(request, pk):
return render()

class PostDetail(DetailView): # single_post_page() 삭제
model = Post

post_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ko">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>blog</title>
</head>
<body>

<nav>
<a href="/">Home</a>
<a href="/blog/">Blog</a>
<a href="/about_me">About Me</a>
</nav>

Blog

{% for p in post_list %}
<hr/>
<h2>{{ p.title }}</h2>
<h2><a href="{{ p.get_absolute_url }}">{{ p.title }}</a></h2>
<h4>{{p.created_at }}</h4>
<h4>{{ p.content }}</h4>
{% endfor %}

</body>
</html>

 

http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/

 

blog_list.html 파일의 내용을 post_list.html 파일로 덮어 쓰기한 후 서버 다시 실행

 

http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/

 

 

 

 

settings.py

 

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

<!DOCTYPE html>
{% load static %}
<html>
<head>
<title>Blog</title>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<link href="{% static 'blog/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css' %}" rel="stylesheet" media="screen" type="text/css">
</head>

 

 

 

 

python .\manage.py migrate

 

python .\manage.py runserver

 

http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/

 

 

post_list.html

 

{% for p in post_list %}
<!-- Blog post-->
<div class="card mb-4">
<img class="card-img-top" src="https://via.placeholder.com/750x300" alt="Card image cap" />
<div class="card-body">
<h2 class="card-title"> {{ p.title }} </h2>
<p class="card-text"> {{ p.content }} </p>
<a class="btn btn-primary" href="{{ p.get_absolute_url }}">Read More →</a>
</div>
<div class="card-footer text-muted">
Posted on {{ p.created_at }} by
<a href="#!">작성자</a>
</div>
</div>
{% endfor %}

 

 

http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/

 

 

 

C:\Users\512-17\Downloads\Django\다운로드\startbootstrap-blog-post-18e5cfdfb75bc7b06fbb8b04b7d957e0395fe8cc\startbootstrap-blog-post-18e5cfdfb75bc7b06fbb8b04b7d957e0395fe8cc

 

 

 

post_detail.html

 

 

 

 

C:\Users\512-17\PycharmProjects\do_it_django_a_to_z\blog\static\blog\css\blog

 

<link href="{% static 'blog/css/blog-post.css' %}" rel="stylesheet" media="screen">

 

 

 

 

 

Pillow 라이브러리 설치하고 마이그레이션

 

settings.py

 

import os
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, '_media')

 

 

models.py

 

class Post(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=30)
content = models.TextField()
head_image = models.ImageField(upload_to='blog/images/%Y/%m/%d/', blank=True)
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

 

 

 

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

 

 

python .\manage.py runserver

 

 

http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/login/?next=/admin/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

do_it_django_prj/urls.py

 

from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

 

 

blog/templates/blog/post_list.html

 

<img class="card-img-top" src="{{ p.head_image.url }}" alt="Card image cap" />

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

blog/templates/blog/post_detail.html

<img class="img-fluid rounded" src="{{ post.head_image.url }}"" alt="">

 

 

 

C:\Users\512-17\PycharmProjects\do_it_django_a_to_z\venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\files.py, line 40, in _require_file

 

 

 

{% if p.head_image %}
<img class="card-img-top" src="{{ p.head_image.url }}" alt="{{ p }} head_image" />
{% else %}
<img class="card-img-top" src="https://picsum.photos/id/{{ p.id }}/200/100" alt="random_image" />
{% endif %}

 

 

<!-- Preview Image -->
{% if post.head_image %}
<img class="img-fluid rounded" src="{{ post.head_image.url }}" alt="{{ post.title }} head_image">
{% else %}
<img class="card-img-top" src="https://picsum.photos/id/{{ post.id }}/200/100" alt="random_image" />
{% endif %}

 

<p class="card-text"> {{ p.content | truncatewords:10 }} </p>